Turner's Birds

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Together with a number of young artists, Turner was able, in Monro's London house, to copy works of the major topographical draughtsmen of his time and perfect his skills in drawing. But the curious atmospherical effects and illusions of John Robert Cozens's watercolours, some of which were present in Monro's house, went far further than the neat renderings of topography. The solemn grandeur of his Alpine views were an early revelation to the young Turner and showed him the true potential of the watercolour medium, conveying mood instead of information. At a time when Indigenous Peoples' influence over ecosystems remains contested by some (e.g., Oswald etal., 2020)—in strong alignment with the doctrines of terra nullius (Latin for “nobody's land” or “territory without a master”) and discovery (Pope Nicholas V's papal bull Dum Diversas, 1452) and the concept of the “pristine” or “wilderness” free from human influence (Miller etal., 2010)—articles that draw together evidence of long‐held, precise, and scientific knowledge held by Indigenous Peoples in relation to environmental care are sorely needed. In this paper, we collate evidence of natural cycles being embedded within Indigenous Peoples' lifeways, as reflected in language, stories, and in phenological indicators and other environmental knowledge shared by Indigenous Knowledge holders. At the same time, we emphasize how people have been prepared for, and usually able to respond to, unexpected events that have occurred at various scales, disrupting routines and posing threats to lives and livelihoods. SJELȻÁSEṈ ( sch’əlkwesən) (“moon of putting your paddle away in the bush”); the ground is shining, or glistening, from frost or ice; winter month; winter night low tides good for clam digging; basket weaving; repairing equipment; Winter ceremonials began; story telling; eating stored food and feasting Jonathan Speed is an excellent and experienced partner with a calm manner and great strategic instincts.’

pelltsípwenten ( pełtsipwenten): (“cache pit month”); people live on stored provisions ice fishing; fishing for steelhead with torch lights; trapping

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Joll, Evelyn; Butlin, Martin; Herrmann, Luke, eds. (2001). The Oxford Companion to J. M. W. Turner. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 0-19-860025-9.

Turner on birds : a short and succinct history of the principal birds noticed by Pliny and Aristotle first published by Doctor William Turner, 1544 By Quite early in his career, Turner became interested in natural history and set out to produce reliable lists of English plants and animals, which he published as Libellus de re herbaria in 1538. In 1544, Turner published Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia ("The Principal Birds of Aristotle and Pliny..."), which not only discussed the principal birds and bird names mentioned by Aristotle and Pliny the Elder but also added accurate descriptions and life histories of birds from his own extensive ornithological knowledge. This is the first printed book devoted entirely to birds. [9] Bird & Bird have a thorough understanding of their technical craft and more importantly how this interacts with the hospitality industry through a variety of stakeholder lenses.’ Wilton, Andrew (2006). Turner in his time (Newed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p.17. ISBN 978-0-500-23830-1. One of the greatest collectors of his work was Henry Vaughan, who when he died in 1899 owned more than one hundred watercolours and drawings by Turner and as many prints. His collection included examples of almost every type of work on paper the artist produced, from early topographical drawings and atmospheric landscape watercolours, to brilliant colour studies, literary vignette illustrations and spectacular exhibition pieces. It included nearly a hundred proofs of Liber Studiorum and twenty-three drawings connected with it. It was an unparalleled collection that comprehensively represented the diversity, imagination and technical inventiveness of Turner's work throughout his sixty-year career. Vaughan bequeathed the most of his Turner collection to British and Irish public galleries and museums, stipulating that the collections of Turner's watercolours should be 'exhibited to the public all at one time, free of charge and only in January', demonstrating an awareness of conservation which was unusual at the time. [44]He said that Bird also suffers with his mental health and has been "very carefully monitored" and prescribed anti-depressants during his remand into custody. Bird will have to serve a minimum term of eight years in custody before going before the Parole Board who will determine if he is safe to be released. Following the sentencing, Lewis' adoptive family said in a statement: "Lewis is greatly missed by all of us. Just when the wild roses bloom, in late May and June, that's the time they harvest the basket grass and the cedar roots" (Peters, 1984; published previously in Turner, 1992a). December); winter solstice month, when the days start getting longer; people celebrate and decorate their winter homes

pesll7éwten (“melting month”); or pellscwícwem (“month when yellow avalanche lilies grow”—Chase area); fishing at Tunkwa Lake; hunting in mountains; gathering fresh shoots from sprouting plants; begin digging roots (yellowbells, nodding onions, biscuit root, balsamroot) Bailey, Anthony (1998). Standing in the Sun: A Life of J. M. W. Turner. London: Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6604-4. Sotheby's Videos – The Temple of Jupiter Panellenius Joseph Mallord William Turner, RA [ permanent dead link] Illustration of Mandrake plant from William Turner's Herbal, the first to be written in English rather than Latin

I had the privilege of working with the exceptional legal team at Bird & Bird. Their unique approach and unmatched expertise truly sets them apart from other firms in this industry. The team has a deep understanding of the hotels and leisure sector. Their team works seamlessly together, pooling their collective expertise to deliver the best outcomes for clients.’ Sk̲wx̲wú7mesh (Louis Miranda, 1976; pers. comm. to R. Bouchard & Turner, 1976; Lantz & Turner, 2003) The team at Bird & Bird is very efficient, very knowledgeable, very helpful, and always has a mind to commercial decisions and the impact on the overall business.’

Turner’s travels in Cornwall were mostly on foot. He travelled light, carrying just what he thought necessary. His sketch books, paint box, some books, a few clothes and his fishing rod. At this time he was still a young man, just 36, blonde and fit. He spent most of his days climbing hills and walking along the county’s many beaches in search of the best views of the castles or stretches of coast he wished to paint. The artist later recalled his impressions of the Cornish coast saying: The lead author (N. Turner) is an ethnobotanist of European heritage from French/German/Dutch/English ancestry who has dedicated her research career to building relationships with Indigenous communities in North America and carrying out community‐based research in respectful and reciprocal ways. The information on cultural environmental knowledge presented here is based mainly on previously published ethnographic and ethnobotanical records for Indigenous language groups from throughout the study area, most drawn directly from ethnobotanical and ethnoecological research in collaboration with Indigenous Knowledge holders and communities over the past 50years led by the lead author (see Turner, 2014). Most interviews and conversations foundational to this research were conducted in English, but with linguists and Indigenous language experts recording and verifying Indigenous terms, such as names of the plants. Standard methods in collaborative ethnobotanical documentation were used in these studies and are described in greater detail in the original reference publications cited. Of course he would have passed through many other smaller places. For example one sketchbook contains a view of Mount’s Bay from Castle an Dinas and another St Petroc’s Church in the tiny hamlet of Trevalga. Looking at his small animated pencil drawings online it is still possible to recognise some of the locations today. In some cases it is possible actually stand where the artist stood and I hope the images that I have included will inspire you to do just that. The Cornish LegacyAlong with the phenological indicators reflected in coinciding biological life cycles, Indigenous Peoples of the region have also relied on their knowledge of tidal cycles, including extremes in low and high tides according to the relative position of the sun and the moon, shifting views of stars and constellations at different times of the year (due to the relative position of the Earth orbiting around the sun), and shifting temperatures and levels of precipitation and sunshine over the course of the year. Predictable shapes and patterns emerging from snowbanks as they melt, predictable levels of lakes, rivers and creeks, and particular patterns of snowfall and snowdrift are all recognized and applied in planning, decision‐making, seasonal movements and seasonal harvesting, based on past experience and accumulated knowledge. Richie Lamb was Mark’s right-hand-man, working tirelessly on every detail of the transaction. He had a complete view of everything that was happening, and (like Mark) was extremely commercial with the advice he gave us. I would also highlight the work of Emily Patel (tax expert) who came up with a creative and innovative way to make sure more junior members of the team gained extra value through the deal structuring. This was very important to leadership, and could easily have been missed by a less integrated firm.’ Turner grew up without many of the social graces common to the professional artists of the time. And he was considered an eccentric by many.